Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Agu 2021

To enhance the rooting ability of Prunus rootstocks byIndol-3-butyric acid (IBA) hormone associated with bacillus subtilis bacteriain greenhouse conditions. Research

Every 20 cuttings of each cultivar were dipped into either powder or liquid IBA with or without Bacillus subitilis. Afterward, the cuttings were planted in any of the cocopeat or perlite medium, in a greenhouse. ANOVA was computed to compare the results among Prunus cultivars.

After 2 months of the experiment, shoots were much better in perlite medium than cocopeat medium. Maxma 14 cuttings did not develop any shoot formation in cocopeat medium, while Garnem cuttings developed the best shoots for liquid IBA and Powder IBA treatment (respectively 1.05 and 1 average number of shoots/cutting). The effect of Bacillus subitilis bacteria on shoots was significant in perlite medium with more shoots for Garnem, Maxma 14 and Myrobolan 29C cuttings, respectively (1.70, 0.35 and 0.95 average number of shoot/cutting). On the other hand, the highest rooting levels were observed in powder IBA + Bacillus subtilis treatment for Garnem and Myrobolan 29C (35% and 20%), while  powder IBA treatment induced better rooting level for Myrobolan 29C and Garnem cuttings (respectively 10% and 5% higher compared to the control). Limitations: There is a need to do further investigation on the survival rate of the shoots, in field conditions.

The association of powder IBA and bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) is promissing to increase the rooting of the Prunus rootstocks cultivar.

Nowadays, the problem of water scarcity increased due to the increase of aridity, which enhances the use of non-conventional waters. The irrigation with treated wastewater was primarly developed. Research

In the present research, we compared the quality of pomegranate fruits harvested from two ‘Gabsi’ orchards managed according to two different cultural practices such as: organic (O) and conventional irrigated with treated wastewater (WW). We determine the soil and fruit characteristics.

Results showed that the organic soil was richer in Fe, Mn and Mg; however, irrigated with WW was richer in Cu, Zn, and Cd with the absence of Ag and Ni in both soils. The analysis of fruits demonstrated that organic ones were richer in Cu, Zn and Mn. Mg content was similar in both fruits. Hg, Ni, Cd, and Fe were not present in fruits. The BCF of Cu and Zn were higher in organic fruits, contrary to Mg. Furthermore, the highest values of the SSC/TA ratio were recorded in organic fruits with no pathogenic contamination for both fruits. Limitations: No limitations were founded.

This study illustrates the possibility of treating wastewater in the irrigation of pomegranates without adverse effects.

Boron deficiency can be a limiting factor for the flowering and fruit production of olive orchards. The appropriate time for foliar spray needs to be found in each environment. Research

Effect of foliar spray (350 mg L-1 from boric acid) after fruit harvest (Stage 1), during flower bud differentiation (Stage 2), and the anthesis (Stage 3) alone or in combination, on fruit set percentage, leaf and inflorescence boron, zinc, and iron concentration, soluble carbohydrates content in leaves of three commercial olive cultivars was investigated.

Results showed, the maximum fruit set percentage, the highest leaf and inflorescence boron content, was found in the Koroneiki cultivar when boron sprayed two times at stages 1+3 and stages 2+3. The highest leaf and inflorescence zinc content was found when boron sprayed two times at stages 2+3 on the Koroneiki cultivar. The highest leaf and inflorescence iron content was found in Baladi and Mission cultivars, respectively, when sprayed at stage 2 or two times at stages 1+3. Olive cultivar Baladi showed the highest leaf fructose, sucrose, and glucose content when boron sprayed at stage 2 alone or three times at stages 1+2+3. Research limitations: It can be useful to study different concentrations of foliar spray and other cultivars.

The response of different olive cultivars was not the same. It seems that boron spray at the appropriate time increased fruit set percentage, especially in Koroneiki. Therefore, more research is needed to find the best fertilization program in olive orchards of Golestan province.

In this study, the response of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) on Swingle citrumelo rootstock to calcareous soils of the east of Mazandaran in Iran was investigated. Research

The experiment was done by seven soils with different calcium carbonate (2-45%) for two years.

Soils with 14% total lime and 5% active lime had the highest shoot dry weight. Soils with 30 and 45% total lime, and 14 and 16% active lime had the highest chlorosis and soils with no lime or 3% active lime and 2 to 9% total lime had the least chlorosis. Soils with 2 and 9% total lime had the highest Fe concentration in root and the least chlorosis. Fe concentration in the roots was about 7.5 times that of the leaves, which show Fe accumulation and inactivation in the root. Mn concentration in leaves in most soils was lower than optimum, while available Mn in most soils was more than optimum (2.5 mg kg-1). Mn concentration at the roots was about 3.2 times of that in the leaves. In contrast, although available Zn of some soils was lower than optimum, in most soils the Zn concentration of leaves was in the optimum range. Research limitations: No limitations were founded.

Mn, due to low uptake and transmission efficiency from roots to shoots and severe deficiency in leaves is the most limiting microelement in this rootstock-scion combination. According to this research, Swingle citrumelo rootstock is appropriate in soils with total and active lime less than 14% and 5%, respectively.

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the mixture of different growing media (palm trunk: resulted from palm trunk only; palm tree: resulted from all palm organs; coco peat; perlite; reused coco peat) on growth and nutrient uptake of lily cut flower. Research

Treatments including two cultivars (Tiber and Candy Club) and eleven growing media compositions were set up in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design.

The Control showed the highest leaf surface area, bulb depletion rate, and Mg content, while the higher plant height and the leaves number were observed in 40% and 80% palm trunk treatments, respectively. Furthermore, the 40% palm trunk resulting in a higher Fe content. The highest bud's number, K, Cu, and Mn content measured in Candy Club, which was cultivated on 20% palm tree treatment, that increased by an average of 10.1%, 15.8%, 67.4%, and 54.3%, respectively compared to the control. The Candy Club has grown on control showed the highest values of the reproductive organ length, N, and P concentration. The highest Ca content was obtained after the Tiber's cultivation in the 80% palm trunk. Research limitations: No limitations were founded.

Because of the low cost, availability, and extensive cultivation area of date palm in Iran and over the world, palm wastes has a great potential to be used as an eco-friendly horticultural substrate mixture to substitute coco peat in lily soilless culture.

The present research was conducted to evaluate interactive effects of manganese (Mn) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) on some physiological characteristics of two pepper varieties including PS301 and California Wonder under greenhouse conditions. Research

Treatments included two levels of virus infection (infected and non-infected), three levels of Mn concentrations (No manganese: 0ppm, 5ppm and 10ppm) and two varieties (California Wonder and PS301). After three weeks, total chlorophyll (Chl), carbohydrate, antioxidants, phenolic compounds, dry weight and proline were measured in aerial parts.

The highest antioxidant activity observed in California Wonder treated with AMV and 5ppm Mn. The highest total Chl observed in PS301 when treated with 10 ppm Mn. Interaction between Mn and AMV showed the highest dry weight in virus infected plants without Mn supplying. Simple effects of AMV did not influence on total Chl, total carbohydrate and antioxidant, but significantly dcreased dry weight. Application of Mn significantly increased proline and carotenoid contents in infected plants. Research limitations: analysis of proteins that play important roles in resistance mechanism to plant viruses has not been measured because of restriction of accessibility of western blotting at the University of Birjand.

It is concluded that AMV infection could be ameliorated by manganese supplying because of improvement of antioxidant system and phenol content that lead to viral tolerance in pepper.

A study was conducted on the effect of single-based fertilizers and compound fertilizers on the nutritive quality potential of lettuce (var. Eden), sweet pepper (var. Yellow wonder), and carrot (var. Bahia). Research

This was accomplished following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. Lettuce, sweet pepper, and carrot were fertilized using 71 kg, 100 kg, and 128 kg of ammonium sulphate (20.5 % N, 23.4 % S)/ha, 350 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control/No fertilizer application; 81 kg, 100 kg, and 138 kg of 6-24-12 NPK/ha, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control; and on 43 kg, 71 kg, and 100 kg of 10-10-30 NPK/ha, 225 kg of NPK (15-15-15)/ha, and Control; respectively.

Compound fertilizer resulted in high Fe content in lettuce whiles Single 2 treatment was in favour of that in carrot and sweet pepper. Single 3 treatment resulted in high Ca content in lettuce and sweet pepper whiles Single 2 treatment was in favour of that in carrot. Compound fertilizer resulted in high Mg content in lettuce whiles Single 3 treatment was in favour of that in carrot and sweet pepper. Crude protein content of lettuce, carrot, and sweet pepper was significantly high in the single-based fertilizer treatments. Compound fertilizer treatments recorded high carbohydrate content for lettuce and sweet pepper. All treatments recorded high moisture and high fat content. Limitations: No limitations.

Proximate composition patterns were strikingly dissimilar in all test crops.

One of the problems in today's world is the pollution of the environment with heavy metals, which extraction of metals from mines, industrial and agricultural activities have caused significant pollution of soils and waters to metals. Research

Fulvic acid at 15, 30, and 60 L ha-1 and zeolites at 1000, 2000, and 4000 kg ha-1 have formed the treatments, and the cadmium content was added to the region. The absorbance of cadmium, zinc, and nitrogen elements, as well as the dry weight of aerial organs and root of Spinacia oleracea var. inermis, was investigated.

The application of fulvic acid and zeolite resulted in higher absorption of the elements and higher biomass weight compared to the control. In this case, fulvic acid at 30 L ha-1 and zeolite at 4000 kg ha-1had the best results own, and the accumulated amounts of cadmium and zinc in the root of the Spinach were higher than that of the aerial organs. Due to its acidic nature, fulvic acid caused higher mobility of elements than zeolite. Also, the application of the treatments caused better vegetative growth of the plant and moderation of the effects of stress. Limitations: There was no restriction on conducting this research.

Based on the results, the use of fulvic acid and zeolite can significantly increase the absorption of cadmium toxic metal from the organs of the Spinach plant and help the further release of this element from the soil.